Abstract West Africa is a region heavily dependent on agriculture, but it faces growing challenges related to climate change and demographic pressure. This study analyzes the relative impact of climate variables (rainfall, temperature) and economic factors (GDP, population, irrigation) on agricultural yield in 10 countries in the region between 2000 and 2020. Based on a statistical analysis (correlation and multiple linear regression), the results show that climate variables have a limited impact, mitigated by local adaptation strategies such as the adoption of modern irrigation systems ("drip", "sprinkler") and the efficient use of water resources. In contrast, economic and technological factors, including GDP, irrigable area, and irrigation methods, play a predominant role in improving agricultural productivity. These results highlight the importance of public and private investments in agriculture to strengthen the resilience of agricultural systems to the impacts of climate change. The study concludes with recommendations aimed at promoting sustainable public policies and technological innovations adapted to the specific needs of the region.

Résumé technique Le présent projet s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une étude multidimensionnelle visant à analyser les raisons du sous-développement en Afrique de l’Ouest. Il repose sur une approche méthodologique intégrée mobilisant quatre modules complémentaires, combinant collecte de données, analyse statistique, représentation Le présent projet s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une étude multidimensionnelle visant à analyser les raisons du sous-développement en Afrique de l’Ouest. Il repose sur une approche méthodologique intégrée mobilisant quatre modules complémentaires, combinant collecte de données, analyse statistique, représentation spatiale et recherche documentaire.

Our report focuses on the study of the causes of the recurrence of cholera that is raging. This analysis was done by the method of principal component analysis on 13 African countries and 11 variables which are the health, climatic, environmental, socio-economic and demographic variables which could favor the 'installation of the disease in our countries. The results of the PCA give us a percentage of variance of the factorial plan of 70.48%. The correlations between the variables show that the recurrence of cholera is favored by high temperatures, rainfall and countries with a relatively very young population. On the other hand, factors such as access to drinking water, sanitation facilities, good hygiene practices accompanied by good implementation of Integrated Water Resources Management contribute to fighting the disease. This indicates that a multisectoral approach is necessary to succeed in slowing down the disease, or even eradicating it.

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