Most functions in the package start with st_ (which stands for spatial type), making them easy to find with autocomplete: • Reading and Writing: Use st_read() to import spatial files (like .shp, .geojson, or .gpkg) and st_write() to export them. • Coordinate Systems: Use st_crs() to check a dataset's Coordinate Reference System (CRS) and st_transform() to reproject data into a new coordinate system (e.g., switching from latitude/longitude to UTM). • Spatial Operations: Perform geometric calculations such as st_intersection() (clipping data), st_buffer() (creating zones around features), st_area() (calculating polygon sizes), and st_join() (joining two datasets based on location). • Visualization: Plot maps quickly using base R's plot(), or build publication-ready maps using ggplot2 with the geom_sf() layer.